Column
The Ground
Courmayeur and the Italian flank of the massif — terrain, aspect, season, access.
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Cresta d’Arp to Punta Helbronner: The Ground Click on the Mountain Actually Used
Sector by sector across the ground ten editions worked — altitude, aspect, the hour the light arrives, and what the institutional record says about the hazards. Not a route guide.
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Why It Was Always March: Sun Angle, Snowpack, and the Narrow Window Courmayeur Gives
Eight of the ten editions carry a date, six of them fall inside sixteen days of calendar, and the reason is computable — at 45.79° N a forty-degree north-facing face gets no direct sun at solar noon until 10 March.